-
Robert Zumwinkle
A photograph of former administrator, Robert Zumwinkle.
-
Ken Moon
A photograph of former administrator, Ken Moon, at a student rally.
-
President Harold Sponberg
A photograph of former University President, Harold Sponberg.
-
Lewis Profit at His Desk
A photograph of former administrator Lewis Profit at his desk.
-
Students in Front of President Sponberg's Home
Photograph of students in front of President Sponberg's home.
-
"Amnesty for All!"
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
"Say it Loud, I am Black and I am Proud!"
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
BSA Marchers, 2
Photograph of BSA marchers
-
Students Marching on Starkweather, Forest Ave.
Photograph of BSA marchers in front of Starkweather Hall, on old Forest Ave.
-
BSA Marchers with more Signs
Photograph of students marching at the BSA rally.
-
BSA Marchers
Photograph of students marching at the BSA rally.
-
BSA Marchers with their "Amnesty" signs
Photograph of students with handmade posters at the BSA rally.
-
"Free the 13 Brothers," Protest Sign
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
"Fight Racism," Protest Sign
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
BSA Rally Marchers with their Signs
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
BSA Rally Sign, "No More Brothers in Jail"
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally.
-
Students Raise Their Fists, BSA Rally
A photograph of students raising their fists in solidarity during the BSA march.
-
Students Gathered in Front of President Sponberg's Home
A photograph of students rallying in front of the University President's house during the BSA takeover.
-
"I am Black and I am Proud," Poster
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally
-
Poster at the BSA Rally
Photograph of a poster at the BSA rally
-
Floyd Walton Raises a Fist
A photograph of EMU student and BSA member Floyd Walton raises his fist in solidarity during the BSA takeover of Pierce Hall.
-
Police On Their Way to Pierce Hall
A photograph depicting police officers on their way to Pierce Hall during the BSA takeover of 1969.
-
Police Guarding Pierce Hall
A photograph depicting police officers guarding the front doors of Pierce Hall during the BSA takeover of 1969.
-
"Strike!" Shirt, 1970
A photograph depicting a student in April of 1970 wearing a handmade strike shirt.
-
Terry Auten, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Terry Auten was a student at EMU during the late 1960s and early 1970s who travelled to the National Student Conference on Vietnam, held at Cornell University and brought back to EMU his perspective on the War and increased student activism on campus.
-
Rob Musial, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Rob Musial was a student at EMU during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and editor of the Eastern Echo during that time. Rob was involved with reporting on campus demonstrations and student unrest during his time there, working to make the campus aware of what was going on.
-
Pat Fry, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Pat Fry was an EMU student in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She was a member of the Student Liberation Action Movement, wrote for underground newspaper The Second Coming, and Communist activist. Pat dedicated her life to fighting for equality and justice for all, continuing to be an advocate until she passed away in 2023.
-
Ken Moon, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Ken Moon was a Black administrator at EMU during the lates 1960s and early 1970s, and an important mediator between the students and the administration. Moon was an influential figure on campus and supported students academically and personally.
-
John Enlund, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. John Enlund was a dedicated student activist on EMU's campus, member of Students for a Democratic Society, and one of the students arrested at McKenny Hall on campus during the People's Lounge Incident. He was involved with others like Frank Michels and Barry Simon during this time of student unrest, and left his mark on EMU.
-
Jan Kaulins, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Jan Kaulins was the supreme justice on the student court at EMU during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Jan was involved with the student unrest on campus, and ruled on important cases that were brought to the court, such as the Second Coming trials. He went on to graduate school at the University of Michigan after EMU.
-
Greg Fournier, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Greg Fournier is a current author and EMU alum who was witness to the student unrest on campus, which was happening at the same time John Norman Collins was committing his crimes. Now, Greg has written about John in his book, "Terror in Ypsilanti."
-
Gerald "Skip" Lawver, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Gerald "Skip" Lawver was an EMU student who served as an intelligence officer in the US Army, an instructor with the EMU Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), a sergeant with the EMU police force. Skip was a sergeant with EMU during the events that took place near EMU's campus in May of 1970, working to keep things under control.
-
Frank Michels, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Frank Michels was a student at EMU in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Frank was a student activist, a dedicated member of Students for a Democratic Society, and the creator of the underground newspaper, The Second Coming. He was a radical leader on campus who fought back against the administration's policies and their efforts to take his newspaper down.
-
Ed Mattos, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Ed Mattos was a student at EMU in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was a student activist, most notably as the chairman of the Student Mobilization Committee. Mattos dedicated his time at EMU to being an activist, and was involved with demonstrations on campus.
-
Doug Harvey, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Harvey served two consecutive terms as sheriff between 1964 and 1972, and during that time he was tasked with managing the protests on EMU's campus. He was a strong individual in the Ypsilanti community, a force to be reckoned with until he passed away in 2023.
-
Dennis Hertel, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Dennis Hertel was an EMU student in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Vice President of the student body, and president of the student senate, Hertel was involved in making important decisions regarding the status of student unrest and upset with EMU administration. He would go on to be a United States congressman.
-
David Cahill, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. A former political science assistant professor at Eastern Michigan from 1969 to 1970, David Cahill was "non-rehired" after just one year for his support of students and the underground newspaper, the Second Coming. His dismissal fueled student unrest and upset with EMU administration, which led to a student led strike.
-
Dave Barsky, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Dave Barsky was a student at EMU in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was a dedicated student activist, and worked closely with others like Frank Michels on the Second Coming. Barsky was represented by the American Civil Liberties Union after getting expelled from EMU, and continued to be an activist leader.
-
Barry Simon, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Barry Simon was an EMU student in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was a student activist involved in underground newspaper the Second Coming, and eventually arrested during the People's Lounge incident in McKenny Hall on EMU's campus. Simon would later become the student body president.
-
Anthony Head, Oral History Interview, 2022
In the Fall of 2022, Matt Jones’s Oral History Techniques class conducted a set of interviews documenting the stories behind the student unrest on Eastern Michigan University’s campus from 1966-1972. Anthony Head was a student at EMU during this time, and became involved with student activism and campus demonstrations after learning about counterculture and left-leaning politics.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, December 11, 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This December 1990 broadcast includes an interview with the Director Urvashi Vaid of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, musical selections, and a sketch comedy piece.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, October 23, 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This October 1990 broadcast includes musical selections, information on queer events in Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, LGBTQ-related news from around the world, and an interview with American cartoonist and original creator of the Bechdel test, Alison Bechdel.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, February 16, 1995
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This February 1995 broadcast includes an interview with famed poet and writer Allen Ginsberg.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, August 20, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This August 1991 broadcast includes information about queer events in Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, musical selections, LGBTQ-related news from around the world, and an interview with an Ann Arbor area lesbian male impersonator.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, July 23, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This July 1991 broadcast includes musical selections, information on queer events in Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, and LGBTQ news from around the world.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, July 16, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This July 1991 broadcast includes a listing of local queer events in Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County, LGBTQ-related news from around the world, musical selections, and the second half of an interview with Native American and AIDS activist Beth Brant.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast July 07, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This July 1991 broadcast includes information on queer related cinema, LGBTQ news from across the country, musical selections, and a piece by drag queen Vaginal Cream Davis.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, June 04, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This June 1991 broadcast includes an intro to the twelfth anniversary of the White Night riots in San Francisco that occurred after the assassination of Harvey Milk, musical selections, and a reading of a poem titled "I am a SCAB (Society for the Complete Annihilation of Breeding)."
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, January 28, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This January 1991 includes an interview with Indigo Girls singer/songwriter Amy Ray.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, January 22, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This January 1991 broadcast includes an interview with Elise Bryant, a Ann Arbor-based playwriter of the production of "Zoo Zoo Chronicles."
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, January 15, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This January 1991 broadcast includes an interview with Ilene Lynch from the domestic violence organization SafeHouse about the topic of lesbian battery.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcasts, February 05, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. The February 1991 broadcast includes LGBTQ news and events in Washtenaw County as well as an interview with LGBTQ novelist Lev Raphael.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, October 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This October 1990 broadcast includes an interview with novelist and gay activist Sarah Schulman.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, September 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This September 1990 broadcast includes musical selections and an in-depth interview with three members of the HIV/AIDS advocacy group ACT UP Ann Arbor and a defendant in the Adrian 17 sex scandal in Adrian, Michigan. The Adrian 17 were seventeen male defendants who were all charged with gross indecency for engaging in homosexual acts at a public park. Over half of the men were over 40, married, and had children living in the Adrian community. The local Adrian newspaper published the names and addresses of each defendant on the front page of the newspaper.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, May 08, 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This May 1990 broadcast includes musical selections and a detailed discussion with a University of Michigan PhD candidate Raelynn Hillhouse, who studied extensively in Communist East German and in Soviet influenced Eastern Europe. The conversation with Hillhouse describes the status of LGBTQ people living and expressing themselves in Eastern Bloc countries.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, May 01, 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This May 1990 broadcast includes musical selections, news and announcements on LGBTQ related events and information, and an interview with three guests from the University of Michigan and ACT UP to discuss the status of HIV/AIDS in the country.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcasts, January 30, 1990
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. The January broadcast highlights LGBTQ news and events in Ann Arbor and the University of Michigan and includes the reading of a queer poem. The February broadcast begins with news and announcements about LGBTQ events and information in Washtenaw County, and later includes a roundtable discussion from several people about being the child of lesbian or gay parents.
-
Closets R4 Clothes Radio Broadcast, June 25, 1991
Closets R4 Clothes was a LGBTQ oriented student radio program from the University of Michigan's WCBN Ann Arbor. The Closets R4 Clothes collection in the Eastern Michigan University Archives contains radio broadcast recordings from 1988 to 1999. This broadcast from June 1991 includes an update on queer news and events in Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County and an interview with Matt Bower from the local Metro Detroit chapter of Copwatch.
-
Laurence Smith, Oral History Interview, 2021
Former Vice President for Marketing and Student Affairs Laurence Smith, worked at Eastern Michigan University from 1975-2000. Smith worked in the capacity of Vice President for University Marketing and Student Affairs where he had overall leadership responsibility for strategic University marketing, communication and media relations, as well as student affairs. Smith played an important role in campus life and served on the EMU Logo Review Committee and Logo Selection Committee. In his interview, Smith describes the state of higher education thirty years ago compared to now; how alumni and community placed value in the institution vs. a symbol; and the selection process for a new logo. Smith speaks in broad strokes about higher education and their role in social justice causes and does not speak to the specifics of the committee's work.
-
William Shelton, Oral History Interview, 2021
William Everett Shelton (b. 1942) was president of Eastern Michigan University 1989-2000, and is universally recognized for his work to do away with the EMU logo and mascot, seen as culturally insensitive to many inside and outside of the university. In this interview, Shelton recounts his rise to higher education administration from his roots in segregated southern schools, and the turmoil surrounding the change of the EMU logo and mascot. Arriving on the heels of the Michigan Civil Rights Commission recommendation that all Michigan schools with culturally insensitive logos and mascots make changes to those depictions, Shelton was thrust into the spotlight as a brand new university president grappling with painful institutional growing pains. This interview centers around the values espoused by Shelton in his recommendation to the Board that EMU should, in fact, change the logo and mascot, that change is inevitable, and that it was the responsibility of universities to encourage growth and change along with the rest of American culture. Shelton also wrestles with his legacy at EMU as he describes the backlash from alumni unhappy with the logo change and the longterm effects of the Board's decision to drop the Huron logo.
-
Richard Robb, Oral History Interview, 2021
Longtime Ypsilanti resident and EMU Regent Dr. Richard Robb was named chair of the University Logo Committee and tasked with finding a new EMU logo to replace the Huron. Understanding that the logo was offensive to many students, Robb predicted a quick decision and adjournment. Fending off the ire of alums attached to the logo as well as the frustration and occasional apathy of fellow committee members, Robb found himself entrenched in a much larger debate over the identity of the school itself.
-
Juanita Reid, Oral History Interview, 2021
Juanita Reid served EMU for 28 years in vital roles such as Vice President of University Relations, Executive Associate to the President and Secretary of the Board of Regents. Reid's integral roles gave her a front row seat to the workings of upper administration and her view of the EMU logo and mascot change reflects this close, professional proximity. Explaining the rationale of the Board of Regents and the president in changing the mascot and logo, as well as the reactions from the community both on and off campus, Reid paints a uniquely vivid portrait of a university enmeshed in the thorny process of altering the identity of a university and committing itself to the cause of inclusivity and social justice.
-
Glenna Frank Miller, Oral History Interview, 2021
During her more than 40 years with Eastern Michigan University, Emerita Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs Glenna Frank Miller served in various capacities and was called a "Human Dynamo" by former Vice President for Student Affairs Laurence Smith for her tireless devotion to the student experience on campus. Serving on the EMU Logo Review Committee and Logo Selection Committee, Frank Miller describes her confidence in newly appointed EMU President William Shelton despite the public backlash from alumni for dropping the EMU Huron, a logo/mascot deemed culturally insensitive by many members of the university community. Adhering to the belief that all community members are harmed by the negative depiction of any one group, Frank Miller details the tension in Board of Regents meetings, the aftermath of the logo and mascot change, and the higher duty of academic institutions to causes of social justice.
-
Deisha Myles, Oral History Interview, 2021
A member of the Native American Student Organization at Eastern Michigan University at the time of the struggle to change the EMU mascot and logo, Deisha [Olszewski] Myles attended nearly every meeting related to the change of what many considered to be an insensitive depiction of Native American culture. Myles speaks of her experience as a student on the Logo Selection Committee, witnessing the tense interactions between university administrators and describing the divisions amongst indigenous participants, divisions that often adhered closely to differing generational values.
-
Anthony Derezinski, Oral History Interview, 2021
Former Michigan State Senator Anthony Derezinsky (b. 1942) joined the Eastern Michigan University Board of Regents in 1981 and served in that position until his retirement in 1996. In this interview, Derezinsky recounts his formative years with the University of Michigan Law School and Harvard Law before describing his time with the United States Navy serving with the Judge Advocate General Corps in Vietnam, 1968-1971. As a University Regent, Derezinsky played a vital role in the EMU logo/mascot change, placing the value of fairness above all other considerations. Stating that it "rankled my civil liberties heart" to see students offended by the Huron logo and mascot, and known by fellow regents as "Mr. Gavel," Derezinsky describes the process of learning from other institutions how to go about the changing of a logo/mascot that had become synonymous with school spirit and identity for many alumni and community members. Helping to steer the university through difficult ethical waters, Derezinsky traveled the country with EMU President William Shelton to provide insight to schools considering a change of logo/mascot.
-
Zimmerman, Leon
Leon Zimmerman was born in Hersey, Michigan on June 4, 1924 in a town of 206 people. Leon was attending Grand Rapids University when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. He enlisted in the Army rather than being drafted and having no choice of assignment. After numerous tests, Leon was finally assigned to Bombardier training. His first six weeks were spent marching, and doing calisthenics. Eventually Leon was transferred to Las Vegas for gunnery school, followed by Advanced Bombardier School in New Mexico. Leon graduated in 2/4/44 and was sent to England by way of Baltimore and Florida, where he was assigned to a replacement crew in the 8th Air Force. Eventually, his crew was assigned to the 457th Bomb Group. His crew participated in a number of training flights before they went on a mission. Their first mission was uneventful, a "Milk Run," that experienced no flak, no losses, no battle damage. There were many other missions by his crew. Two missions especially stood out for Leon. The first was over Stettin where they took a great deal of flak and were very close to ditching the plane. They did return to England safely however. The other was in Northern Germany. His B17 crew had to bail out because of the extensive damage. After a harrowing jump, he was captured by the Home Guard. His treatment was poor until the regular army took over. Leon and his crew were assigned to a camp that was commanded by a former Luftwaffe General who treated prisoners with respect. It was not a pleasant time but certainly it was not overly difficult. Leon's camp was liberated by the Russians. After spending time in different camps and some time in Paris, he returned home, by troop ship. He met and married his wife after his discharge. They are now in retirement in Jackson, Michigan.
-
Woodside, Clifford Irvin
Clifford Woodside was born in Masten, PA. on January 22, 1923. Before completing high school, he enlisted in the Navy. This was immediately following Pearl Harbor. He was 17 at the time. Since he had been in the Sea Scouts, he was immediately assigned to training for gunnery. Clifford was eventually assigned to the USS Portland, and later to the USS Yokes. Clifford saw combat at Midway, Guadalcanal, the Solomon Islands, and the Aleutian Islands. At one time he was at sea for 110 straight days. Although he enlisted for eight years, he did not make the Navy a career. He had married by that time and elected discharge in 1947. Clifford and his wife returned to Ypsilanti, Michigan and he eventually went to work as a salesman for a local Ford dealer. Clifford and his wife lived on Ford Lake until he could no longer live independently. He and his wife now live in an assisted living facility in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
-
Woinowsk, Russell
Russell Woinowsk was born on 8/8/1915 in Debut, Iowa. His father moved to Texas when Russ was young. Russ was in the ROTC in high school and eventually joined the National Guard in order to get help with his college expenses. He was able to complete two years before entering the Army. He wanted to be a pilot but "flunked out." His training turned to Bombardier School. Russ became a trainer. He was never assigned as a permanent member of a team. When he was sent to England, he was assigned to a B24 and completed 21 missions before the end of the war. Before V-E Day Russ was returned to the United States where he began training with a B29 group. The War ended before he was able to complete any missions. When the Korean Ward started, Russell was flying with B29's and completed 16 missions. He remained in the Air Corp retiring as a Lt. Colonel. During his service he received 2 DSC's and 4 Air Metals. He spent time in Turkey, the Philippines and many different States. Upon discharge, he returned to college and eventually received a Master's Degree in teaching. He spent 21 years teaching math (20 years in Romulus High School) before retiring because he was 70, the maximum retirement age. For a time, he and two friends owned and flew a Piper Cub. He and his wife had two children. He has four grandchildren and six great grandchildren. He was married for 51 years before his wife died. He lives with his son in Ann Arbor.
-
Wagner, Richard and Adele
Richard Wegner was born on December 13, 1924 in Blissfield, Michigan. He attended Blissfield High School and enlisted in the Army at the end of his senior year after taking a class in aircraft identification. He left home for Fort Custer near Kalamazoo on July 9, 1943. After passing the necessary tests to join the Air Corps, he was sent down south to Miami Beach for ten weeks basic training. In October of 1943, Richard attended the Air Force College Training Department at Michigan State University. In April of 1944, he was sent to San Antonio, Texas and was trained as a bombardier-navigator for eight weeks. From there, he received flight training in San Angelo, Texas. Richard was assigned as a bombardier/assistant navigator/nose gunner in a B-24. After getting married while on commissioning leave, he was sent to Westover Field Airbase near Springfield, Massachusetts where he became acquainted with his crew and did large amounts of flying and bombing practice. After VE Day, Richard's crew was taken off shipping orders to Europe and was sent to Boise, Idaho. After rendezvousing at the Golding Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, Richard's crew flew to New Guinea where they spent ten weeks. After they arrived at Clark Airbase in the Philippines, the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and the second on Nagasaki. Richard remembers seeing the Japanese delegation in their white planes at le Shima on their way to the signing of the peace treaty in Tokyo Bay.
-
Wagner, Richard Donald
Richard Wegner was born on December 13, 1924 in Blissfield, Michigan. He attended Blissfield High School and enlisted in the Army at the end of his senior year after taking a class in aircraft identification. He left home for Fort Custer near Kalamazoo on July 9, 1943. After passing the necessary tests to join the Air Corps, he was sent down south to Miami Beach for ten weeks basic training. In October of 1943, Richard attended the Air Force College Training Department at Michigan State University. In April of 1944, he was sent to San Antonio, Texas and was trained as a bombardier-navigator for eight weeks. From there, he received flight training in San Angelo, Texas. Richard was assigned as a bombardier/assistant navigator/nose gunner in a B-24. After getting married while on commissioning leave, he was sent to Westover Field Airbase near Springfield, Massachusetts where he became acquainted with his crew and did large amounts of flying and bombing practice. After VE Day, Richard's crew was taken off shipping orders to Europe and was sent to Boise, Idaho. After rendezvousing at the Golding Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, Richard's crew flew to New Guinea where they spent ten weeks. After they arrived at Clark Airbase in the Philippines, the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and the second on Nagasaki. Richard remembers seeing the Japanese delegation in their white planes at le Shima on their way to the signing of the peace treaty in Tokyo Bay.
-
Valenstein, Elliot S.
Elliot Valenstein enlisted in the Army at the age of 18 following the Pearl Harbor attack. After training he was shipped to the South Pacific. They traveled without escort and landed in Australia. Before the Coral Sea victory, the Japanese were unstoppable. His unit was then sent on to Bombay, India and crossed to Calcutta by train. Elliot received quick training in how to string lines. There was fear the Japanese who were threatening India would link up with the Africa Corp from the East. In Burma, his unit met up with Head Hunters. Elliot's unit worked under a great deal of hardship including swollen rivers and threats of Chinese bandits. When World War II ended, Elliot was in Calcutta. He was shipped back to Seattle and on to Fort Dix. After discharge he spent time in a VA hospital with malaria. Eventually Elliot enrolled in college and began his research project that eventually attracted him to the University of Michigan. Much of his research was supported by NASA. After retiring Elliot continued to live in Ann Arbor and became Professor Emeritus.
-
Turner, Amherst Hale
Amherst Turner was born and raised in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He earned his English degree and teaching certification from the University of Michigan while also participating in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC.) In 1961, after graduating from U of M, Amherst attended basic training in Fort Benning, Georgia and was trained as an officer. After his basic training, Amherst was shipped out to Korea and joined a unit guarding the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea. Amherst did this for for 13 months and became a 2nd Lieutenant in that time. Amherst returned to Fort Benning, was promoted to Captain and eventually was transferred to a base in Florida that was to serve as the staging area for a proposed invasion of Cuba. On this base, he served as a property book officer. In 1963, Amherst left the service, still involved in the reserves, and went into manufacturing. He was married in 1969 and had two children.
-
Tracy, William B.
Like many young men of his generation, Bud Tracy served in the Armed Forces during World War II. Eager to see the world, he chose the Navy because he could enlist at seventeen and his uncle could help him through the process. He left high school before his graduation date, but made up the credits by enlisting. Mr. Tracy's wartime service was spent in the South Pacific including the Admiralty Islands. Tracy loved being in the service despite facing the same fears and frustrations that other young men encountered. For example, his first night on guard duty turned out to be one of his scariest moments in the Navy. Tracy mistook an anthill for a Japanese helmet and was told by his superiors to fire. Tracy did not want to alert other possible Japanese soldiers in the area of his location. As a result, he sat and stared at it, imagining the "helmet" coming closer and closer as the hours passed. His battle experiences were full of danger and adventure as well. Mr. Tracy was asked to go into the water and sink shell casings, swim up a river at night to scout the Japanese positions, and save his fellow sailors who were in trouble in the water. While completing his duties, Tracy was wounded on coral and was sent to Australia as a casualty to heal his legs which developed jungle rot. There were many enjoyable moments throughout Tracy’s time overseas. He and his buddies enjoyed pulling pranks on other men in their unit. In one instance, Tracy and his buddies rigged up a fake spider in the tent of one of their friends and surprised him with it when he returned from guard duty. USA Tours passed through the South Pacific while Bud was there and he was able to see Bob Hope and other performers in the tours. He particularly remembered a time when Bob Hope visited and ate a meal in the chow hall with the enlisted men instead of going to the officers' hall as was scheduled. Just as they are to American troops serving overseas today, care packages from home were highly valued during World War II. Mr. Tracy told an interesting story off-camera about a care package that he received from home. A couple of months after Christmas, he received his Christmas present from his family back home. When he got the box, the other men all crowded around because there is an unspoken rule that all packages are shared with the unit. The box was opened to reveal several cans of Spam that his mother had saved up her ration coupons to get for him. However, the sailors were regularly fed Spam for meals and were sick of it by that point. Tracy stated that once the box was opened and everyone saw that it was Spam, they left it for him, and never ever ate a single can of it. When Tracy returned home after his military service was over, he utilized the G.I. Bill to enroll in college. He had a successful career working for the phone company and raised a family. Despite this, like many of the men that he served with, Tracy still feels guilt over an incident that resulted in the deaths of fellow sailors, even though he did all that he could to save them. In many cases, those not involved in the situation can look at it and see that there is no reason for the person affected to blame himself, yet in his mind, he still does. Tracy was very humble in his accounts of his experiences during World War II, yet even in the short time it took to conduct the interview, there were examples of his bravery and heroism. Like so many veterans, he did not give the impression that what he had done was very remarkable in the grand scheme of things, yet it was. He risked his life to save others more than once in the memories that are captured in the interview and that can only be a tiny fraction of. what his war experience was really like.
-
Swisher, Reuben Voss
Reuben Swisher had nine years, two months and eighteen days on active duty, followed by five years in the Reserves. He was wounded twice in Korea and earned the Purple Heart and Bronze Star for valor while a combat infantryman. Swisher was seventeen years old when he served in Korea and was assigned to Fox Company of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. He was wounded on Hill 578 on February 15, 1951 at Chipyong-ni, near Yangpyoeng as part of a force defending the Wonju Line during "Operation Killer." Besides being wounded twice, he suffered frostbitten feet. After his Army service in 1950-1952 and rise to Corporal, he joined the Air Force in 1957 and served until 1964, achieving the rank of Technical Sergeant. Besides the Purple Heart and Bronze Star, he earned the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Korean Service Medal with three Bronze Stars, and the United Nations Service Medal. Swisher then served the Department of Veterans Affairs and earned several honors while employed there, followed by 400 hours of volunteer work at the VA Medical Center in Ann Arbor after his retirement in 1991. He also served as Commander of the Washtenaw County Chapter of Disabled American Veterans for seven consecutive terms.
-
Strouss, John Philip
John Strouss was born in Freeport, Illinois on March 4, 1918. His family moved to Jackson, Michigan during the influenza epidemic while he was very young. John attended the University of Michigan from 1937 to 1942. While sleeping in on a Sunday morning, he and his roommate heard over the radio the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Eighteen of his friends went in for physicals, yet only three passed. John's eyes kept him out of the line officers. After several physicals, he was commissioned in the Navy in the spring of 1942. He became a staff officer in the supply corps - those responsible for the food and clothing in the Navy. John was called up in January 1943 and sent to South Austin Naval Yard for basic training (note: transcriber could not verify the location of said naval yard). He was then sent to Harvard University until the summer for supply officer education. He was assigned to Acorn 16 and sent to Port Hueneme, California to wait for the rest of the officers. In September, Acorn 16 was officially commissioned into the Navy and was granted base personnel for airbases in the Pacific. The unit shipped out to Barber's Point in Oahu, Hawaii. From there, they were ordered to Apamama in the Gilbert Islands along with a Marine Corps unit and a CP unit. An airbase was constructed at Apamama in which John worked. John remembers very friendly Natives and nice weather in Apamama. One incident stuck with John. A Japanese submarine was reported in the area. Despite the harsh weather, a scout plane was still sent out. the plane never returned. John was ordered to gather and send the missing man's belongings to his family. After a little over a year, the airbase Apamama was shut down and John was transferred to Guam. He recalls mud and relentless rain in Guam. He was put in charge of the mess hall. Most of the food was canned, yet at one point they were sent fresh ground beef. Hamburgers were prepared for the men, which gave many a feeling of homesickness. After the war, the Navy put together a class for those interested in aiding in terminating Navy contracts. John volunteered due to his business school training. He was sent to Harvard for the class. From there, he was sent to an office in Cincinnati, Ohio to clear plants for civilian production. Later on, he was transferred to the Naval Reserve and left as a Lieutenant Commander.